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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Mar. 31, 2019	May 03, 2019
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	DVAX
Entity Registrant Name	DYNAVAX TECHNOLOGIES CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001029142
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		65,066,944

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 112,133	$ 49,348
Marketable securities available-for-sale	71,083	96,188
Accounts and other receivables, net	5,791	3,704
Inventories, net	27,569	19,022
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,948	6,102
Total current assets	222,524	174,364
Property and equipment, net	25,305	17,064
Intangible assets, net	9,445	11,717
Operating lease right-of-use assets	33,505
Goodwill	2,102	2,144
Restricted cash	615	619
Other assets	3,104	4,976
Total assets	296,600	210,884
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	11,868	5,278
Accrued research and development	9,630	9,714
Accrued liabilities	12,384	16,041
Other current liabilities	8,369	7,000
Total current liabilities	42,251	38,033
Long-term debt, net	175,673	100,871
Long-term portion of lease liabilities	35,076
Other long-term liabilities	441	8,915
Total liabilities	253,441	147,819
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
Common stock: $0.001 par value; 139,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 65,020 and 62,862 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	65	63
Additional paid-in capital	1,151,421	1,131,241
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,431)	(2,015)
Accumulated deficit	(1,105,896)	(1,066,224)
Total stockholders’ equity	43,159	63,065
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 296,600	$ 210,884

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	139,000,000	139,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	65,020,000	62,862,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	65,020,320	62,862,000

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 5,773	$ 165
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales - amortization of intangible assets	2,273	2,417
Research and development	21,206	18,966
Selling, general and administrative	18,348	16,891
Total operating expenses	43,627	38,479
Loss from operations	(37,854)	(38,314)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	735	740
Interest expense	(2,734)	(1,161)
Other income (expense), net	181	(223)
Net loss	$ (39,672)	$ (38,958)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.62)	$ (0.63)
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	63,778	61,744
Product
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 5,627	$ 165
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales - product	1,800	205
Cost of sales - amortization of intangible assets	2,273	$ 2,417
Collaboration Revenue
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 146

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (39,672)	$ (38,958)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities available-for-sale	67	(22)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(483)	690
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(416)	668
Total comprehensive loss	$ (40,088)	$ (38,290)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 199,549	$ 62	$ 1,107,693	$ (881)	$ (907,325)
Beginning Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		61,533
Issuance (withholding) of common stock upon exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, net	(426)		(426)
Issuance (withholding) of common stock upon exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)		663
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	255		255
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		58
Stock compensation expense	4,799		4,799
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	668			668
Net loss	(38,958)				(38,958)
Ending Balances at Mar. 31, 2018	165,887	$ 62	1,112,321	(213)	(946,283)
Ending Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		62,254
Beginning Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	63,065	$ 63	1,131,241	(2,015)	(1,066,224)
Beginning Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		62,862
Issuance (withholding) of common stock upon exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, net	(18)		(18)
Issuance (withholding) of common stock upon exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)		740
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	407		407
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		75
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	13,623	$ 2	13,621
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs (in shares)		1,343
Stock compensation expense	6,170		6,170
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(416)			(416)
Net loss	(39,672)				(39,672)
Ending Balances at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 43,159	$ 65	$ 1,151,421	$ (2,431)	$ (1,105,896)
Ending Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		65,020

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (39,672)	$ (38,958)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,702	823
Amortization of right-of-use assets	1,302
Accretion of discounts on marketable securities	(323)	(176)
Stock compensation expense	6,170	4,799
Cost of sales - amortization of intangible assets	2,273	2,417
Non-cash interest expense	814	348
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables	(2,087)	91
Inventories, net	(8,547)	(238)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154	394
Other assets	1,872	3
Accounts payable	4,424	349
Lease liabilities	(106)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities	(7,878)	276
Net cash used in operating activities	(39,902)	(29,872)
Investing activities
Acquisition of technology licenses	(7,000)	(9,500)
Purchases of marketable securities	(29,205)	(141,103)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	54,700	91,815
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(3,882)	(897)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	14,613	(59,685)
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt, net	74,250	99,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	13,623
Tax withholding from exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, net	(18)	(426)
Proceeds from Employee Stock Purchase Plan	407	255
Net cash provided by financing activities	88,262	98,829
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(192)	217
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	62,781	9,489
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	49,967	27,213
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	112,748	36,702
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest	1,940	813
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Disposal of fully depreciated property and equipment	851	37
Non-cash acquisition of technology license		$ 12,773
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$ 34,807

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Dynavax Technologies Corporation (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Dynavax” or the “Company”), is a fully-integrated biopharmaceutical company focused on leveraging the power of the body’s innate and adaptive immune responses through toll-like receptor (“TLR”) stimulation. Our first commercial product, HEPLISAV-B® (Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant), Adjuvanted), is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for prevention of infection caused by all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus in adults age 18 years and older. We commenced commercial shipments of HEPLISAV-B in January 2018. Our development efforts are primarily focused on stimulating the innate immune response to treat cancer in combination with other immunomodulatory agents. Our lead investigational immuno-oncology product candidates are SD-101, currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical studies, and DV281, in a Phase 1b safety study. We were incorporated in California in August 1996 under the name Double Helix Corporation, and we changed our name to Dynavax Technologies Corporation in September 1996. We reincorporated in Delaware in 2000.

Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In our opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary to present fairly our financial position and the results of our operations and cash flows. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Interim-period results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations or cash flows to be expected for a full-year period or any other interim-period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from audited financial statements at that date, but excludes disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dynavax and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Dynavax GmbH. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among these entities have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements. We operate in one business segment: the commercialization, discovery and development of biopharmaceutical products.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

As of March 31, 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $183.2 million. On March 29, 2019, we borrowed the remaining $75.0 million under our term loan agreement with CRG Servicing LLC. The principal amount of $177.3 million, which includes paid-in-kind interest, borrowed under the loan agreement has a maturity date of December 31, 2023, unless earlier prepaid.

We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in commercialization of HEPLISAV-B, including investment in HEPLISAV-B inventory, clinical trials and other development, manufacturing and regulatory activities for our immuno-oncology product candidates, discovery research and development and tenant improvements and ongoing occupancy costs at our new corporate headquarters. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from product sales, we will need to finance our operations through strategic alliance and licensing arrangements and/or future public or private debt and equity financings. Adequate financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

Our ability to raise additional capital in the equity and debt markets, should we choose to do so, is dependent on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the market demand for our common stock, which itself is subject to a number of development and business risks and uncertainties, our creditworthiness and the uncertainty that we would be able to raise such additional capital at a price or on terms that are favorable to us.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management’s estimates are based on historical information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and various other assumptions we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations, and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Product Revenue, Net

We sell our product to a limited number of wholesalers and specialty distributors in the U.S. (collectively, our “Customers”). Revenues from product sales are recognized when we have satisfied our performance obligation, which is the transfer of control of our product upon delivery to the Customer. The timing between the recognition of revenue for product sales and the receipt of payment is not significant. Because our standard credit terms are short-term and we expect to receive payment in less than one-year, there is no financing component on the related receivables. Taxes collected from Customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

Overall, product revenue, net, reflects our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. If our estimates differ significantly from actuals, we will record adjustments that would affect product revenue, net in the period of adjustment.

Reserves for Variable Consideration

Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration such as product returns, chargebacks, discounts, rebates and other fees that are offered within contracts between us and our Customers, healthcare providers, and others relating to our product sales. We estimate variable consideration using either the most likely amount method or the expected value method, depending on the type of variable consideration and what method better predicts the amount of consideration we expect to receive. We take into consideration relevant factors such as industry data, current contractual terms, available information about Customers’ inventory, resale and chargeback data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns, in estimating each variable consideration. The variable consideration is recorded at the time product sales is recognized, resulting in a reduction in product revenue and a reduction in accounts receivable (if the Customer offsets the amount against its accounts receivable) or as an accrued liability (if we pay the amount through our accounts payable process). Variable consideration requires significant estimates, judgment and information obtained from external sources. The amount of variable consideration is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. If our estimates differ significantly from actuals, we will record adjustments that would affect product revenue, net in the period of adjustment. If we were to change any of these judgments or estimates, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period. There have been no material adjustments to these estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Product Returns: Consistent with industry practice, we offer our Customers a limited right of return based on the product’s expiration date for product that has been purchased from us. We estimate the amount of our product sales that may be returned by our Customers and record this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. We consider several factors in the estimation of potential product returns including expiration dates of the product shipped, the limited product return rights, available information about Customers’ inventory, shelf life of the product and other relevant factors.

Chargebacks: Our Customers subsequently resell our product to healthcare providers. In addition to distribution agreements with Customers, we enter into arrangements with healthcare providers that provide for chargebacks and discounts with respect to the

purchase of our product. Chargebacks represent the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell product to qualified healthcare providers at prices lower than the list prices charged to Customers who directly purchase the product from us. Customers charge us for the difference between what they pay for the product and the ultimate selling price to the qualified healthcare providers. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. Chargeback amounts are determined at the time of resale to the qualified healthcare provider by Customers, and we issue credits for such amounts generally within a few weeks of the Customer’s notification to us of the resale. Reserves for chargebacks consists of credits that we expect to issue for units that remain in the distribution channel inventories at each reporting period end that we expect will be sold to qualified healthcare providers, and chargebacks for units that our Customers have sold to healthcare providers, but for which credits have not been issued.

Trade Discounts and Allowances: We provide our Customers with discounts which include early payment incentives that are explicitly stated in our contracts, and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized.

Distribution Fees: Distribution fees include fees paid to certain Customers for sales order management, data and distribution services. Distribution fees are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized.

Collaboration Revenue

We enter into collaborative arrangements with other companies. Such arrangements may include promises to customers which, if capable of being distinct, are accounted for as separate performance obligations. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, we allocate estimated revenue to each performance obligation at contract inception based on the estimated transaction price of each performance obligation. Revenue allocated to each performance obligation is then recognized when we satisfy the performance obligation by transferring control of the promised good or service to the customer.

Leases

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach. Prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under previous lease guidance, ASC 840, Leases. We elected the package of practical expedients which, among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification of leases in place as of January 1, 2019. As a result of adopting ASC 842, we recognized right-of-use asset and lease liabilities for operating leases of $34.8 million and $37.1 million, respectively on January 1, 2019. There was no adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption of ASC 842.

We determine if an arrangement includes a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, other current liabilities and long-term portion of lease liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the net present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate which represents an estimated rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis at the lease commencement date.

The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude any lease incentives. Our leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise any such options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. We have elected not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 for short-term leases.

Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out, or FIFO, basis. We primarily use actual costs to determine our cost basis for inventories. Our assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of our inventory balances, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventory. We determine excess or obsolete inventory based on multiple factors, including an estimate of the future demand for our products, product expiration dates and current sales levels. Our assumptions of future demand for our products are inherently uncertain and if we were to change any of these judgments or estimates, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of inventory reserves that we report in a particular period. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no inventory reserve recognized.

We consider regulatory approval of product candidates to be uncertain and product manufactured prior to regulatory approval may not be sold unless regulatory approval is obtained. As such, the manufacturing costs for product candidates incurred prior to regulatory approval are not capitalized as inventory but are expensed as research and development costs. We begin capitalization of these inventory related costs once regulatory approval is obtained.

HEPLISAV-B was approved by the FDA on November 9, 2017, at which time we began to capitalize inventory costs associated with HEPLISAV-B. In March 2018, we received regulatory approval of the pre-filled syringe (“PFS”) presentation of HEPLISAV-B. Prior to FDA approval of HEPLISAV-B, all costs related to the manufacturing of HEPLISAV-B that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of our products, were charged to research and development expense in the period incurred as there was no alternative future use. Prior to regulatory approval of PFS, costs associated with resuming operating activities at the Düsseldorf manufacturing facility were also included in research and development expense. Subsequent to regulatory approval of PFS, costs associated with resuming manufacturing activities at the Düsseldorf facility were included in cost of sales – product, until commercial production resumed in mid-2018 at which time these costs were recorded as raw materials inventory.

Research and Development Expenses and Accruals

Research and development expenses include personnel and facility-related expenses, outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs, research costs and other consulting services and non-cash stock-based compensation. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Amounts due under contracts with third parties may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables. Non-refundable advance payments under agreements are capitalized and expensed as the related goods are delivered or services are performed.

We contract with third parties to perform various clinical trial activities in the on-going development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows to our vendors. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events, successful enrollment of patients, and completion of portions of the clinical trial or similar conditions. Our accrual for clinical trials is based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with clinical trial centers and clinical research organizations. We may terminate these contracts upon written notice and we are generally only liable for actual effort expended by the organizations to the date of termination, although in certain instances we may be further responsible for termination fees and penalties. We estimate research and development expenses and the related accrual as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to us at that time. There have been no material adjustments to the prior period accrued estimates for clinical trial activities through March 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Update 2016-13

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments. The standard changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2017-04

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating a previous requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2018-13

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), that eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements of fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2018-15

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other –Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This ASU requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e. hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. ASC 350-40 requires that certain costs incurred during the application development stage be capitalized and other costs incurred

during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages be expensed as incurred. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

2. Fair Value Measurements

We measure fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The accounting standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

•

Level 1—Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

•

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities; therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions.

Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. We review the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are considered reasonable estimates of their respective fair value because of their short-term nature.

As of March 31, 2019, we measured the fair value of our $7.0 million payment to Merck Sharpe & Dohme Corp., which is due in the first quarter of 2020, based on Level 3 inputs due to the use of unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data. We estimated the fair value of the liability using a discounted cash flow technique using the effective interest rate on our term loan. The liability had a fair value of $6.5 million as of March 31, 2019.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for our financial assets (cash equivalents and marketable securities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
March 31, 2019
Money market funds	$	102,616	$	-	$	-	$	102,616
U.S. treasuries		-		6,999		-		6,999
U.S. government agency securities		-		26,077		-		26,077
Corporate debt securities		-		46,006		-		46,006
Total	$	102,616	$	79,082	$	-	$	181,698

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2018
Money market funds	$	44,002	$	-	$	-	$	44,002
U.S. treasuries		-		14,724		-		14,724
U.S. government agency securities		-		42,372		-		42,372
Corporate debt securities		-		41,291		-		41,291
Total	$	44,002	$	98,387	$	-	$	142,389

Money market funds are highly liquid investments and are actively traded. The pricing information on these investment instruments is readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

U.S. treasuries, U.S. government agency securities and corporate debt securities are measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs. We review trading activity and pricing for these investments as of each measurement date. When sufficient quoted pricing for

identical securities is not available, we use market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities obtained from various third party data providers. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	112,133	$	49,348	$	36,067	$	26,584
Restricted cash		615		619		635		629
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	112,748	$	49,967	$	36,702	$	27,213

Restricted cash balances relate to certificates of deposit issued as collateral to certain letters of credit issued as security to our facility leases in Berkeley, California and Düsseldorf, Germany. See Note 6.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of the following (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	1,518	$	-	$	-		$	1,518
Money market funds		102,616		-		-			102,616
U.S. treasuries		5,000		-		-			5,000
Corporate debt securities		2,999		-		-			2,999
Total cash and cash equivalents		112,133		-		-			112,133
Marketable securities available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries		1,999		-		-			1,999
U.S. government agency securities		26,085		-		(8	)		26,077
Corporate debt securities		42,999		10		(2	)		43,007
Total marketable securities available-for-sale		71,083		10		(10	)		71,083
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	183,216	$	10	$	(10	)	$	183,216
December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	3,147	$	-	$	-		$	3,147
Money market funds		44,002		-		-			44,002
Corporate debt securities		2,199		-		-			2,199
Total cash and cash equivalents		49,348		-		-			49,348
Marketable securities available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries		14,732		-		(8	)		14,724
U.S. government agency securities		42,416		-		(44	)		42,372
Corporate debt securities		39,108		-		(16	)		39,092
Total marketable securities available-for-sale		96,256		-		(68	)		96,188
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	145,604	$	-	$	(68	)	$	145,536

The maturities of our marketable securities available-for-sale are as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Mature in one year or less	$	71,083	$	71,083
Mature after one year through two years		-		-
	$	71,083	$	71,083

There were no realized gains or losses from the sale of marketable securities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

We have classified our entire investment portfolio as available-for-sale and available for use in current operations and accordingly have classified all investments as short-term. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value based on inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar securities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the securities, with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value, if any, judged to be other than temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income or expense. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Management assesses whether declines in the fair value of investment securities are other than temporary. In determining whether a decline is other than temporary, management considers the following factors:

•

whether the investment has been in a continuous realized loss position for over 12 months;

•

the duration to maturity of our investments;

•

our intention and ability to hold the investment to maturity and if it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the amortized cost bases;

•

the credit rating, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and

•

the type of investments made.

To date, there have been no declines in fair value that have been identified as other than temporary.

Inventories, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories, net

4. Inventories, net

The following table presents inventories (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	15,919	$	12,111
Work-in-process		11,352		6,562
Finished goods		298		349
Total	$	27,569	$	19,022

Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

5. Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets are related to certain capitalized milestone and sublicense payments. The following table presents intangible assets (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Intangible assets	$	19,773		$	19,773
Less accumulated amortization		(10,328	)		(8,056	)
Total	$	9,445		$	11,717

We recorded $2.3 million and $2.4 million as cost of sales - amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 7.

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

As described in Note 1, we adopted ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019. We evaluated our contracts and have determined that, effective upon the adoption of ASC 842, our operating leases included laboratory, equipment and office/manufacturing facility leases.

We lease our facilities in Berkeley, California (“Berkeley Lease”), Emeryville, California and Düsseldorf, Germany.

On September 17, 2018, we entered into an Office/Laboratory Lease (“Lease”) for office and laboratory space located at 5959 Horton Street, Emeryville, California (“Premises”). Under the terms of the Lease, we will lease 75,662 square feet in the Premises (“Rented Area”) at the rate of $4.75 (“Base Rate”) multiplied by the Rented Area, paid on a monthly basis, starting on the earlier of our commencement of our business operations at the Premises or April 1, 2019 (“Commencement Date”). The Base Rate is subject to scheduled annual increases, and we are also responsible for certain operating expenses and taxes throughout the life of the Lease. In connection with the Lease, we are entitled to a tenant improvement allowance of up to $8.3 million. The Lease has an initial term of 12 years, following the Commencement Date with an option to extend the lease for two successive five-year terms. The optional periods were not included in the lease term used in determining the right-of-use asset or the lease liability as we did not consider it reasonably certain that we would exercise the options. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities on our March 31, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheets primarily relate to this Lease.

In connection with our execution of the Lease, on September 17, 2018, we entered into a Lease Termination Agreement to terminate the Berkeley Lease effective as of the date we vacate the Berkeley premises. The rent payable for the Berkeley Lease is subject to a “hold-over” increase should we not vacate prior to July 31, 2019.

Our lease expense comprises of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Operating lease expense	$	1,738	$	696

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.7 million and was included in operating cash flows in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The balance sheet classification of our operating lease liabilities was as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Operating lease liabilities:
Current portion of lease liabilities (included in other current liabilities)	$	1,884	$	-
Long-term portion of lease liabilities		35,076		-
Total operating lease liabilities	$	36,960	$	-

At March 31, 2019, the maturities of our operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,
2019 (remaining)	$	4,240
2020		5,353
2021		5,248
2022		5,290
2023		4,988
Thereafter		39,537
Total lease payments		64,656
Less:
Present value adjustment		(27,696	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	36,960

As of March 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term is 11.1 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the operating lease liability was 10.1%.

Commitments

In February 2018, we entered into a $175.0 million term loan agreement. Borrowings under the term loan agreement in the amount of $177.3 million, which includes paid-in-kind interest, are payable at maturity on December 31, 2023, unless earlier prepaid. See Note 8.

In February 2018, we entered into a sublicense agreement with Merck Sharpe & Dohme Corp (“Merck”). Under the agreement, we are required to make a payment of $7.0 million in the first quarter of 2020. See Note 7.

We have entered into material purchase commitments with commercial manufacturers for the supply of HEPLISAV-B and SD-101. As of March 31, 2019, our non-cancelable purchase commitments totaled $11.9 million.

We have entered into contractual arrangements that obligate us to make payments to the contractual counterparties upon the occurrence of future events. In addition, in the normal course of operations, we have entered into license and other agreements and intend to continue to seek additional rights relating to compounds or technologies in connection with our discovery, manufacturing and development programs. Under the terms of the agreements, we may be required to pay future up-front fees, milestones and royalties on net sales of products originating from the licensed technologies, if any, or other payments contingent upon the occurrence of future events that cannot reasonably be estimated.

We rely on and have entered into agreements with research institutions, contract research organizations and clinical investigators. These agreements are terminable by us upon written notice. Generally, we are liable only for actual effort expended by the organizations at any point in time during the contract through the notice period.

Contingencies

From time to time, we may be involved in claims, suits, and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to intellectual property claims, commercial claims, and other matters. Such claims, suits, and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, such legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in substantial damages, fines, penalties or orders requiring a change in our business practices, which could in the future materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period.

In conjunction with a financing arrangement with Symphony Dynamo, Inc. and Symphony Dynamo Holdings LLC (“Holdings”) in November 2009, we agreed to make contingent cash payments to Holdings equal to 50% of the first $50 million from any upfront, pre-commercialization milestone or similar payments received by us from any agreement with any third party with respect to the development and/or commercialization of cancer and hepatitis C therapies originally licensed to Symphony Dynamo, Inc., including SD-101. We have made no payments and have not recorded a liability as of March 31, 2019.

Collaborative Research, Development and License Agreements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Research And Development [Abstract]

Collaborative Research, Development and License Agreements

7. Collaborative Research, Development and License Agreements

Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.

In June 2017, we entered into an agreement to provide Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. (“SIIPL”) with technical support. In consideration, SIIPL agreed to pay us at an agreed-upon hourly rate for services and reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, we have rights to commercialization of certain potential products manufactured at the SIIPL facility. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized collaboration revenue of $0.1 million. No collaborative revenue was recognized for the comparative prior period.

Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp.

In February 2018, we entered into a Sublicense Agreement (the “Sublicense Agreement”) with Merck. The Sublicense Agreement grants us, under certain non-exclusive U.S. patent rights controlled by Merck which relate to recombinant production of hepatitis B surface antigen, the right to manufacture, use, offer for sale, sell and import HEPLISAV-B in the United States and includes the right to grant further sublicenses. Under the terms of the Sublicense Agreement, we are obligated to pay $21.0 million in three installments. The first and second installment of $7.0 million each was paid in February 2018 and February 2019, respectively and the remaining payment of $7.0 million is due in the first quarter of 2020. The payment in 2020 is classified on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as other current liabilities. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the intangible asset, net balance was $9.4 million and $11.7 million, respectively. See Note 5. The Sublicense Agreement continues to be in effect through April 2020, at which time the license becomes perpetual, irrevocable, fully paid-up and royalty free.

Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

8. Long-Term Debt

On February 20, 2018, we entered into a $175.0 million term loan agreement (“Loan Agreement”) with CRG Servicing LLC. We initially borrowed $100.0 million (the “Initial Term Loan”) under the Loan Agreement at closing and the remaining $75.0 million (the “Second Tranche Term Loan”) in March 2019 (collectively, “Term Loans”). Net proceeds from the Initial Term Loan and Second Tranche Term Loan were $99.0 million and $74.3 million, respectively. The Term Loans under the Loan Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to 9.5% per annum. At March 31, 2019, the effective interest rate was 10.2%. At our option, until September 30, 2023, a portion of the interest payments may be paid in kind, and thereby added to the principal. Through March 31, 2019, a portion of our interest was paid in kind, which increased the principal amount of the Term Loans to $177.3 million. The Term Loans have a maturity date of December 31, 2023, unless earlier prepaid. The Term Loans and paid-in-kind interest will be entirely payable at maturity.

The obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions, by a perfected security interest in (i) all tangible and intangible assets of the Company and any future subsidiary guarantors, except for certain customary excluded property, and (ii) all of the capital stock owned by the Company and such future subsidiary guarantors (limited, in the case of the stock of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Company and certain U.S. subsidiaries substantially all of whose assets consist of equity interests in non-U.S. subsidiaries, to 65% of the capital stock of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions). The obligations under the Loan Agreement will be guaranteed by each of the Company’s future direct and indirect subsidiaries (other than certain non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Company and certain U.S. subsidiaries substantially all of whose assets consist of equity interests in non-U.S. subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions). The Loan Agreement contains customary covenants and requires us to comply with a $15.0 million daily minimum combined cash and investment balance covenant and an annual revenue requirement starting on January 1, 2019 for sales of HEPLISAV-B.

The Term Loans may be prepaid by us at any time. If the Term Loans are prepaid prior to the second anniversary of the initial borrowing date, we are subject to a repayment premium of up to 7.0% of the principal amount prepaid, depending on the date of prepayment.

We recorded $2.6 million and $1.1 million of interest expense related to the Term Loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Revenue Recognition [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

9. Revenue Recognition

All of our product revenue consisted of sales of HEPLISAV-B in the U.S. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our three largest Customers represented approximately 66% and 86% of our product revenue, respectively. The following table summarizes balances and activity in each of the product revenue allowance and reserve categories for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	Chargebacks, distribution fees, discounts and other fees			Returns			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,736		$	569		$	2,305
Provision related to current period sales		3,080			458			3,538
Credit or payments made during the period		(1,658	)		(86	)		(1,744	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	3,158		$	941		$	4,099

Reserves for chargebacks and discounts totaling $2.3 million were recorded as reductions of accounts receivable at March 31, 2019. The remaining reserves balances totaling $1.8 million were recorded as accrued liabilities at March 31, 2019.

Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

10. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, outstanding options and stock awards are considered to be potentially dilutive common shares and are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive.

Stock options and stock awards totaling approximately 8,946,000 and 8,394,000 shares of common stock as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. For periods in which we have a net loss and no instruments are determined to be dilutive, such as the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, basic and diluted net loss per share are the same.

Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Preferred Stock Common Stock And Warrants [Abstract]

Common Stock

11. Common Stock

Common Stock Outstanding

As of March 31, 2019, there were 65,020,320 shares of our common stock outstanding.

On November 3, 2017, we entered into an At Market Sales Agreement (“2017 ATM Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) under which we may offer and sell from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $150 million through Cowen as our sales agent. We pay Cowen a commission of up to 3% of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through Cowen under the 2017 ATM Agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we received net cash proceeds of $13.6 million resulting from sales of 1,343,337 shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2019, we have $118.9 million remaining under the 2017 ATM Agreement. Subsequent to March 31, 2019 and through May 3, 2019, we sold 43,569 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.3 million under the 2017 ATM Agreement.

Equity Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Share Based Compensation [Abstract]

Equity Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

12. Equity Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

Our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 EIP”) is intended to be the successor to and continuation of the Dynavax Technologies Corporation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 EIP”). The aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2018 EIP (subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization) is comprised of the sum of (i) 5,000,000 newly reserved shares of common stock, (ii) 140,250 unallocated shares of common stock remaining available for grant under the 2011 EIP as of May 31, 2018, and (iii) 7,477,619 shares subject to outstanding stock awards granted under the 2011 EIP and the Dynavax Technologies Corporation 2017 Inducement Award Plan that may become available from time to time as set forth in the 2018 EIP. The 2018 EIP provides for the issuance of up to 12,617,869 shares of our common stock to our employees and directors.

Option activity under our stock-based compensation plans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

	Shares Underlying Outstanding Options (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018		5,750		$	18.20
Options granted		1,121			10.32
Options exercised		(7	)		5.53
Options cancelled:
Options forfeited (unvested)		(73	)		15.61
Options expired (vested)		(19	)		23.23
Balance at March 31, 2019		6,772		$	16.92		5.50	$	230
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2019		6,500		$	17.08		5.46	$	229
Exercisable at March 31, 2019		3,673		$	19.30		4.83	$	186

Restricted stock unit activity under our stock-based compensation plans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

	Number of Shares (In thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested as of December 31, 2018		1,594		$	8.82
Granted		1,355			10.47
Vested		(738	)		6.89
Forfeited		(37	)		13.10
Non-vested as of March 31, 2019		2,174		$	10.43

The aggregate intrinsic value of the restricted stock units outstanding as of March 31, 2019, based on our stock price on that date was $15.9 million. Fair value of restricted stock units is determined at the date of grant using our closing stock price.

As of March 31, 2019, approximately 151,000 shares underlying stock options and approximately 176,000 restricted stock unit awards with performance-based vesting criteria were outstanding. We recognized stock-based compensation expense for awards with performance-based vesting criteria of $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Under our stock-based compensation plans, option awards generally vest over a three or four-year period contingent upon continuous service, and expire seven to ten years from the date of grant (or earlier upon termination of continuous service). The fair value-based measurement of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

The fair value-based measurements and weighted-average assumptions used in the calculations of these measurements are as follows:

	Stock Options						Employee Stock Purchase Plan
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Weighted-average fair value per share	$	6.85		$	10.84		$	5.19		$	10.39
Risk-free interest rate		2.5	%		2.6	%		2.5	%		2.1	%
Expected life (in years)		4.5			4.5			1.2			1.3
Volatility		0.9			0.8			0.8			1.1

Compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and reflects estimated forfeitures. The components of stock-based compensation expense were (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019		2018
Research and development	$	2,180	$	2,187
Selling, general and administrative		3,080		2,589
Cost of sales - product		572		23
Inventory		338		-
Total	$	6,170	$	4,799

As of March 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested equity awards including all awards with time-based vesting amounted to $38.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2 years. Additionally, as of March 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to equity awards with performance-based vesting criteria amounted to $1.6 million.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Amended and Restated 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) provides for the purchase of common stock by eligible employees and became effective on May 28, 2014. On May 31, 2018, our stockholders approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance by 600,000 shares. The purchase pric